Paris – Christie’s is inviting foodies and collectors alike to explore four centuries of gastronomic history through a selection of books coming from the library of Baron Pierre de Crombrugghe and with the collaboration of the experts Jacques T. Quentin and Benoît Forgeot. Cooking and the culinary arts have been the subject of poems, treatises and educational works as early as Antiquity and the Middle Ages. But it was not until the 19th century that the concept of gastronomy emerged in earnest. The Baron's library displays a number of themes that are inextricably linked to the culinary experience and the way it has evolved throughout history. Its shelves provide a rich menu of treatises on how to cut meat, poultry and fish, as well as texts on truffles, oysters and baking. There are also books explaining how to make iced desserts, tea, coffee and chocolate, and how to set the table and fold napkins. This collection of nearly 200 works, estimated at around 1 500 000 euros, is an unmissable rendez-vous with gastronomy, displaying an absolute feast of food history!

The oldest monuments of the genre

The highlight of the librar y of Baron Pierre de Crombrugghe is the Cuisinier Taillevant, ou le Viandier, the first known illustrated cookery book. This rare incunabulum, written in French, was published in Lyon in around 1495. Decorated with a large woodcut depicting a cook at the stove and bearing the name of the head chef under Kings Charles V and VI of France, the Cuisinier Taillevant is the ultimate reference work on French medieval gastronomy. The volume for sale is the only surviving complete copy.

Half a century later came the Livre fort excellent de Cuysine tresutille, a culinary bestseller before its time. Containing over three hundred recipes, it had considerable influence throughout the Renaissance period. The copy at auction is one of three listed from the edition published in Lyon in 1542. It is the only copy to remain under private ownership.

Le Platine en françois, printed in 1505, is the French version of a treatise on cooking and dietetics published in Rome in 1474 by the humanist Bartolomeo Sacchi, known as Platina. De honesta voluptate et valetudine is a monumental work that had a very wide intellectual impact during its time. It revolutionised cooking by combining the joys of eating with dietetic rules. It would become Taillevent’s most formidable competitor, and its reign went on to span more than a century.

It was not until Le Cuisinier françois, a 1651 work by François Pierre (also known as La Varenne), that the customs inherited from medieval cuisine were brought to an end and the foundations of modern French cuisine were laid. Now presented for sale, this volume included for the first time a number of recipes and procedures that are nowadays well-known to modern readers, such as the first recipes for snow eggs and puff pastry.

You are what you eat!

Cuisine and medicine frequently appear alongside each other in treatises on the art of living well, which is why the library of Baron Pierre de Crombrugghe includes a 1531 edition of Tacuini sanitatis by Ibn Butlan, a doctor from Baghdad. This richly illustrated volume comprises almost 300 woodcuts, which depict familiar scenes of gluttony, inebriation, food platters and even kitchen utensils. In 1687, in Le bon usage du thé, du caffé et du chocolat, pour la preservation & pour la guerison des maladies, Nicolas de Blégny extolled the therapeutic virtues of “exotic” drinks – tea, coffee and chocolate – recently introduced to France. This much sought-after treatise was published at the same time that the first cafés were opening their doors in Paris.

The Bible of modern cuisine

One of the most extraordinary items in the collection is a second edition of Escoffier’s Guide culinaire, a substantial five-volume working manuscript. Following the original edition published in 1903, Escoffier began work on a new, expanded edition of his pioneering work, still considered the cornerstone of French cuisine to this day. Sauces, desserts, hors d'oeuvres, soups, pâtés, roasts: everything is accounted for in the thousands of recipes he wrote up based on his experiences at the Savoy and the Ritz. For Auguste Escoffier, cooking, “while an art, will become a science and will have to submit its formulas – still too often based on experience – to a method and a precision that will leave nothing to chance.” His guidance modernised gastronomy. In the 17th and 18th centuries, culinary books and treatises were aimed at elites, be they royal, princely or aristocratic. From the 19th century onwards, publications gradually diversified and were aimed at a wider audience. Cooking became healthier, less rich, and more affordable.

Gastronomy, a reflection of our heritage

In France and elsewhere, culinary heritage has always been a reflection of the great abundance of regions it comes from. The library of Baron Pierre de Crombrugghe illustrates this extensively through numerous works, such as Le gastronome à Paris, L’Ancienne Alsace à table, Le cuisinier gascon, Le cuisinier anglais, and La cuisinière de Genève.

There’s a book, and recipes, for everyone!

PRACTICAL INFO
Le festin de Pierre - Livres choisis de la bibliothèque gastronomique du baron de Pierre de Crombrugghe
Sale on Thursday 23 March 2023 at 3pm

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From 17 to 22 March 2023
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Copyright for all the visuals: © Christie's Images Limited 2023
P1: Le cuisinier françois and Le pastissier françois (circa 1495, Lyon)
P1: Guillaume Tirel known as Taillevent, Cuisinier Taillevant, ou le Viandier (late 13th century)
P1: Giovanni de Buglhat and Antonio Hucher Compagni, Banchetti (1569, Ferrara)